Locations Colonies in Macedonia and Thrace In this burst of colonial expansion cities such as Corinth, Miletus, Megara and Phocaea took the lead. Other Greek colonies were founded on the coast of Gaul, on the Cyrenaica peninsula in Africa and also in Egypt. In the 7th century, many colonies were founded in Ionia, Southern Italy, Thrace and on the Black Sea. Īt the end of the 8th century, Euboea fell into decline with the outbreak of the Lelantine War and the baton of colonial foundation was passed to other Greek cities. Subsequently, they founded the colonies of Cumae, Zancle, Rhegium and Naxos. The first colony that they founded there was Pithecusae on the Isle of Ischia. The two most powerful states on Euboea, Chalcis and Eretria founded numerous colonies in Chalcidice, the most important of which was Olynthus, and they were the first to found colonies in Southern Italy. The first founders of colonies were the Euboeans, who founded colonies at the beginning of the 8th century B.C. Finally, the troubled political situation in many cities, along with the establishment of tyrannical government, drove the political opposition into exile and into a search for new places of residence.Ĭharacteristics of the colonization įurther information: Colonies in antiquity The colonies created new markets, supplied the metropolis with significant raw materials and constituted important way stations on the long-distance trade journeys of the era. The development of the emporium was among the more important motivations for the founding of a colony. The location of each colonial establishment was dictated by the supply of unexploited resources that would provide the metropolis, as well as the finished goods it would produce. In places with surplus population, this led to a demand for additional living space. Population growth created a scarcity of farmland and a restriction of the ability of smallholders to farm it, which was similar in every city-state. Reasons for colonization had to do with the demographic explosion of this period, the development of the emporium, the need for a secure supply of raw materials, but also with the emerging politics of the period that drove sections of the population into exile. Illustration of an Archaic Greek ship on pottery
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